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Knowledge Management Glossary
1. Agent: A software routine that waits in the background and performs an action when a specified event occurs. For example, agents could transmit a summary file on the first day of the month or monitor incoming data and alert the user when a certain transaction has arrived. They can simulate perception, reasoning, and acting, and some are programmed to "learn" and to act on the basis of what they have learned. Agents are also called "intelligent agents," "personal agents" and "bots" (short for "robots").
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI): The simulation of the thought processes of the human brain by computers or other machines, especially in the areas of learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using the rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction, according to whatis.com http://searchebusiness.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci211597,00.html
3. Back End: Please see front end.
4. Bridge Rule: An inference rule whose premise and conclusion belong to different contexts, according to Bonifacio et. al., in "A Distributed Intelligence Paradigm for Knowledge Management," http://aifbhermes.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/AAAI2000/CameraReady/MBonifacio00.pdf.
5. Cache: A place to store something temporarily, in order to save the time of reforming the collected information and to mitigate the burden of traffic on the network.
6. Case-based Reasoning System: Takes advantage of previous problems, or cases, and related attempts to solve them. Previous cases are searched for attributes that match the current case in order to retrieve similar cases for examination.
7. Clickstream: The sequence, location, and flow of clicks, or selections, a user makes when using an Internet or other network interface on a site.
8. Client:A program or user making a request for service (data, an operation) from another program or computer (server) in a client-server architecture. (Please see client-server.) The user of a Web browser is effectively making client requests for pages from servers all over the Web. The browser itself is a client in its relationship with the computer that is getting and returning the requested HTML file. The computer handling the request and sending back the HTML file is a server, according to whatis.com http://searchwin2000.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid1_gci211795,00.html
9. Client-server: Describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request. Although the client/server idea can be used by programs within a single computer, it is a more important idea in a network. In a network, the client/server model provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that are distributed across different locations, according to whatis.com http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci211796,00.html
10. Clusters: clustering Clustering is the ability to group data or documents by category or segment. The clusters are relatively local to reduce network traffic. Clustering is based on a 'document similarity function' that uses both document terms and hyperlinks. The similarity function is exposed and can be changed. Both terms and hyperlinks are used because both carry information content purportedly making the resulting automatically generated clusters closer to human-generated clusters that rely on document semantics [more] than other techniques, according to David Wells in "Searching and Indexing" Object Services and Consulting, Inc. http://www.objs.com/survey/crawl.htm
11. Concordance: An alphabetical categorization of the topics into headings and subheadings. Please see indexing.
12. Corporate action: A corporate action is an initiative taken by a company which in some way impacts its organization as a public company; for example, a merger, acquisition, issuing of new shares, buying back shares, and so on and so forth.
13. Data Warehouse: A repository, or store, of data, often from diverse sources, for useful analysis and access, usually by means of data mining.
14. Distributed Search Engines: Please see leaf search engines.
15. Expert System: A computer program that simulates human judgment or behavior, e.g., Big Blue plays chess.
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