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Knowledge Management Glossary
16. Front End: Front-end and back-end are terms used to characterize program interfaces and services relative to the initial user of these interfaces and services. (The user may be a human being or a program.) A front-end application is one that application users interact with directly. A back-end application or program serves indirectly in support of the front-end services, usually by being closer to the required resource or having the capability to communicate with the required resource, according to whatis.com http://searchvb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci293919,00.html
17. Fuzzy Logic System: A system where decisions are made, not on the basis of true or false (or on/off, as in the usual logic of a computer system) but on the basis of "degrees" of truth. They are a type of expert system usually requiring a lot of involvement of human experts.
18. HTML Hypertext Markup Language. A set of codes that tell a Web or other browser how to display a page's words and pictures.
19. Host: A host is a server that has two-way communication with other computers on a network.
20. Indexing: The hierarchical categorization of topics into headings and subheadings, similar to the index at the back of a textbook.
21. Intelligent Agent: Please see agent.
22. ISO: Although not an acronym, general the "International Organization for Standardization," a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from about 100 countries.
23. Knowledge Mapping: The process of preparing knowledge so that it can be searched. Tagging and indexing documents by subject and key words and phrases. Please see indexing.
24. Leaf Indexers: leaf search engines Search engines which create document clusters. Please see clusters.
25. Load Balancing: Refers to the amount of work that a computer has to do between two or more computers so that more work gets done in the same amount of time and, in general, all users get served faster. Load balancing can be implemented with hardware, software, or a combination of both, according to whatis.com http://searchwebmanagement.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid27_gci214490,00.html
26. Metadata: Data which describes, gives the underlying definition, or categorizes, other data.
27. Mirrored Server: A mirror site is a Web site or set of files on a server that has been copied to another server in order to reduce network traffic, ensure better availability of the Web site or files, or make the site or downloaded files arrive more quickly for users close to the mirror site. A mirror site is an exact replica of the original site and is usually updated frequently to ensure that it reflects the content of the original site. Mirror sites are used to make access faster when the original site may be geographically distant, according to whatis.com http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid5_gci212579,00.html
28. Neural-Network Programming: neural networks Neural networks, often called "genetic algorithms," look at the frequency of certain paths and connections, rather than, for example, just word and link associations, resembling the connections among neurons in the brain - and "learn," or makes improved choices, by trial and error. Neural networks are most often used to make a decision. They are used when there are a lot of data, but few experts available, to arrive at an optimal answer, or decision.
29. Ontology: A branch of metaphysics that explores how things are related to other things, but in the world of databases and information systems, is most often used to mean mechanisms for making categories and subcategories of topics or to show their relationships.
30. Packet: Data that is broken into "chunks," A unit of data is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network. This may be contrasted with voice networks, which are circuit switched.
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