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Knowledge Management Glossary
31. Personalization: Technology which enables users to customize a site to their liking.
32. Petabyte: 1,000 terabytes. Please see terabyte.
33. Populating: To populate a field or a database means to add data to it. It implies the adding of values to a category of some kind.
34. Query: capability The ability to ask a question of a database, in effect, to search it according to the question or terms entered. SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database, according to whatis.com, http://searchdatabase.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid13_gci214230,00.html
35. Recursion: A computer programming technique involving the use of a procedure, subroutine, function, or algorithm that calls itself in a step having a termination condition so that successive repetitions are processed up to the critical step until the condition is met at which time the rest of each repetition is processed from the last one called to the first, according to Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary.
36. Rights Issue: Literally, the right to exercise some kind of option with respect to a share of public corporation.
37. Server: A computer program that provides services to other computer programs in the same or other computers, or the computer that a server program runs, although it may contain a number of server and client programs, according to whatis.com http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212964,00.html
38. State: agent state Refers to an agent's attribute values that tell it what to do next when it resume execution at its destination mode," according to Amrit Tiwana, "The Knowledge Management Toolkit," p. 362.
39. S.W.I.F.T. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. SWIFT is an industry-owned cooperative supplying secure messaging services and interface software to banks and other financial institutions. They report that they serve over 7,000 financial institutions in 197 countries www.swift.com.
40. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A basic communication language, or protocol, of the Internet and of private networks, it is a two-layer program. The higher layer manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted and received and reassembled into the original message. The lower layer handles the addressing of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.According to whatis.com: TCP/IP uses the client/server model of communication in which a computer user (a client) requests and is provided a service (such as sending a Web page) by another computer (a server) in the network. TCP/IP communication is primarily point-to-point, meaning each communication is from one point (or host computer) in the network to another point, or host computer. TCP/IP and the higher-level applications that use it are collectively said to be "stateless" because each client request is considered a new request unrelated to any previous one (unlike ordinary phone conversations that require a dedicated connection for the call duration). Being stateless frees network paths so that everyone can use them continuously. (Note that the TCP layer itself is not stateless as far as any one message is concerned. Its connection remains in place until all packets in a message have been received.)
41. View: The static results of a query that have been posed. Done in order to establish a "context" which can then be queried further. Created on a server and re-evaluated periodically, it helps to "disambiguate" terms that have different meanings in different contexts.
42. XML: Extended Markup Language. A language that creates both data and formats in order to share both on the Web or other network. It permits comparisons between the format supplied and the data being searched to see, for example, how well they match. It provides answers or expected responses or actions in a kind of "multiple choice" structure, which the sender, depending on the situation, may go and retrieve itself from the receiver.
43. Component Architecture: A methodology using modular software components in order to utilize lower-cost software modules and to promote the reuse of software in order to keep software development/system-building costs down. Sometimes referred to as having embedded Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products.
44. Divisibility: The ability to take a sample of a system, particularly one with a database, and run a meaningful pilot.
45. Header: A field that precedes the main content of a file and describes the length of the content and other characteristics of the file, including any key words upon which a search may be conducted.
46. Key Word Search: A search that focuses on the instances of the search term in the headers of files in order to elicit findings relevant to the search. Contrasted to full-text searching, in which search terms are sought throughout the text of the targeted database, usually using statistical processing methodologies.
47. Logistic Regression: classification Classifying results, as in search results, by means of logistic regression, which is pattern recognition used to model conditional probabilities of class membership given the features observed.
48. Marginal Cost: The cost of producing the last unit of production (or of adding another unit to production). In the case of a KMS, the cost of adding another user to the system.
49. Minimum Efficient Scale: The lowest output for which average cost achieves its minimum.
50. Natural Language Processing (NLP): In searches, the ability to pose naturalistic questions in everyday speech to which answers are returned, usually by means of neural network programming. See neural computation.
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